Quiz: Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

All 50 questions. A perfect score earns the gold medal; 80% earns silver.

1. 1. Which example does Marx give of the worker losing even animal needs?

   The German weaver who eats only cabbage and rye bread The Irishman, whose only need is to eat lumpers The English farmer who eats only bread and drinks only water The French peasant who eats only grain
2. 2. What does Marx say political economy, the science of wealth, is at the same time?

   The science of enjoyment, of luxury and of the satisfaction of every need A branch of moral theology, the science of the duties of the rich The science of renunciation, of want, of saving: a science of asceticism The science of the state, of its revenues, its public debts and its expenditure
3. 3. Which saying of Smith’s about landowners does Marx quote at the start of the rent column?

   They save more than any other class of the nation They are the most productive class They love to reap where they have not sown They are the natural leaders of a civilised society
4. 4. Complete Marx’s description of estranged labour: “He is at home when he is not working, and when he is working …”

   he forgets himself he is happiest he is free he is not at home
5. 5. How does Marx illustrate the power of money over its owner’s qualities?

   “I am ugly, but I can buy the most beautiful woman. So I am not ugly.” “I am clever, so I have no need of money to be esteemed by other people.” “I am poor, but my poverty cannot take away my honesty or my wit at all.” “I am rich, so I must work all the harder to keep hold of what I have.”
6. 6. Whose writings does the preface call the only ones since Hegel’s Phenomenology and Logic to contain a real theoretical revolution?

   Bruno Bauer’s Feuerbach’s Proudhon’s Adam Smith’s
7. 7. How does the section on communism end?

   Communism is the final goal of human development, in which all of history comes to rest Communism is a mere dream, since private property is rooted deep in human nature itself Communism is the necessary form of the near future, not the goal of human development Communism has already been realised in the associations of the French socialist workers
8. 8. What final consequence does Marx draw from the competition between landed property and capital?

   The landowners triumph over the capitalists and absorb them Only two classes remain: workers and capitalists Feudalism is restored Classes disappear
9. 9. Where, according to Marx, does the worker feel himself freely active?

   Chiefly in political life, as a citizen among his fellow citizens of the state In religion and prayer, where he rises above his daily toil Only in his animal functions, eating, drinking and procreating Above all in his work, where he exercises his skill and judgement
10. 10. Which two properties of money does Marx say Shakespeare brings out?

    It is a visible god that inverts all qualities, and the universal whore It is a measure of value and a means of payment It is scarce and durable It is the reward of labour and the hidden source of interest and rent
11. 11. How does Marx sum up Ricardo’s view in the profit column?

    “Labour is the measure of all things.” “The worker’s happiness is the aim of production.” “Rent is the reward of the landlord’s work.” “Men are nothing, the product everything.”
12. 12. What “mystical feeling” does Marx say drives the philosopher from abstract thought to intuition?

    Fear of death and of the void of nothingness Love of truth Boredom, the longing for a content Religious awe before the Absolute Idea
13. 13. What does Marx call the English gin shops?

    Schools of temperance Relics of feudalism The workers’ parliaments, where they debate politics Symbolic representations of private property
14. 14. What, following Smith, does Marx say capital is?

    Command over labour and its products The reward the owner earns for his abstinence A loan advanced by the state to the employer A heap of tools and raw materials stored up
15. 15. If man is assumed to be man and his relation to the world a human one, what can love be exchanged for?

    Anything of equal value Property Money Only love
16. 16. The difference between effective demand (backed by money) and ineffective demand is, Marx says, the difference between what?

    Use-value and exchange-value Being and thinking Rich and poor countries Town and country
17. 17. Instead of one big critique, how did Marx plan to publish his critique of law, morality, politics and so on?

    As a single encyclopaedia of the social sciences As a run of articles in a daily newspaper in Cologne As a series of separate, independent pamphlets As lectures to workers
18. 18. Which relation does Marx say shows how far man’s natural behaviour has become human?

    The relation of citizen to state The relation of man to woman The relation of buyer to seller The relation of master to servant
19. 19. From which “present fact” of political economy does “Estranged Labour” start?

    The worker grows poorer the more wealth he produces Society has always been divided into hostile classes Wages always rise and fall together with the profits of capital Workers own the tools they use
20. 20. What does Marx call “the great thing” in Hegel’s Phenomenology?

    Hegel abolishes all contradiction by showing that thought and being are identical Hegel proves the existence of God by tracing the self-movement of the absolute idea Hegel grasps man’s self-creation as a process and the essence of labour Hegel justifies the Prussian state as the realisation of reason in history
21. 21. Which play does Marx quote for gold that makes “black white, foul fair”?

    Othello Timon of Athens Hamlet King Lear
22. 22. What does Marx say about the relation of private property to alienated labour?

    Private property overcomes alienated labour by giving the worker a stake in what he produces Alienated labour and private property are unrelated, the one belonging to production, the other to law Private property seems its cause but is really its consequence Private property is the sole and original cause of alienated labour, and remains so at every stage
23. 23. According to Marx, Hegel stands on the standpoint of what?

    Modern political economy French materialism Ancient Greek philosophy Medieval theology
24. 24. What would a forcible raising of wages amount to, according to “Estranged Labour”?

    The end of capitalism A return to the guilds The emancipation of labour Better pay for slaves
25. 25. Which of these is not one of the aspects of estranged labour Marx describes?

    Estrangement of the worker from the state Estrangement of the worker from his species-being Estrangement from the product of his own labour Estrangement of man from man
26. 26. What does Marx call labour that has fixed itself in an object?

    Commodity fetishism Objectification Species-activity Concrete abstraction
27. 27. Which literary work does Marx quote on stallions and “twenty-four legs”?

    Schiller’s The Robbers Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens Goethe’s Faust Heine’s Germany: A Winter’s Tale
28. 28. Following Smith, Marx considers the worker in three conditions of society. What does he conclude?

    Only the stationary state is bad for the worker The worker’s condition is the same in all three Misery in every state: progressive, complicated or stationary The worker gains in a growing society and loses only in decline
29. 29. Whose doctrine, according to Marx, forms the transition from the mercantile system to Adam Smith?

    Ricardo’s theory of differential rent Malthus’s population theory Proudhon’s theory of property as theft The Physiocracy of Dr. Quesnay
30. 30. What is the first of Feuerbach’s great achievements, according to Marx?

    Proving that philosophy is nothing but religion brought into thought Proving that political economy is nothing but private property brought into thought Proving that the state is nothing but the alienated power of the people Restoring Hegel’s negation of the negation as the method of all science
31. 31. What does Marx say is needed to supersede real private property?

    The idea of communism Philosophy An act of parliament Real communist action, brought by history
32. 32. What does Marx call Hegel’s Logic?

    The money of the spirit The algebra of revolution The grave of philosophy The bible of the bourgeoisie
33. 33. Which German writings does the preface single out as the substantial, original German works in this field?

    Hess’s essays in the Einundzwanzig Bogen and Engels’s “Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy” List’s National System of Political Economy and Rodbertus’s writings on the condition of the working classes Stein’s Socialism and Communism of Present-Day France and Grün’s essays in the Trier’sche Zeitung Bruno Bauer’s articles in the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung and Ruge’s essays in the Hallische Jahrbücher
34. 34. How does Marx describe communism as the positive supersession of private property?

    A system of equal wages paid by the community as universal capitalist The riddle of history solved, which knows itself to be this solution The return to a golden age of simple needs and common ownership A purely political revolution, democratic or despotic, in the form of the state
35. 35. Which reformer does Marx criticise for treating equality of wages as the aim of the social revolution?

    Proudhon Owen Saint-Simon Fourier
36. 36. How does Marx distinguish human from animal production?

    Animals produce nothing at all; only man transforms nature, and only by the standard of his species Man produces only under the compulsion of immediate physical need, for himself and his offspring Man produces more efficiently than the animal, because he uses tools and divides his labour Man produces universally, even free from physical need, and forms things by the laws of beauty
37. 37. How, according to Marx, does political economy know the worker?

    Only as a working animal, a beast reduced to the strictest bodily needs As a free citizen whose needs and rights the science must take into account As a consumer whose demand for goods sets the level of all production As a partner in the enterprise, entitled to a share of its profits and losses
38. 38. What does Marx say about the forming of the five senses?

    It is fixed by nature at birth and owes nothing to society or history It is the work of philosophy, which teaches the senses how to perceive It is a labour of the whole of world history down to the present It is completed in early childhood, before any labour is performed
39. 39. Why, according to Marx, does the emancipation of society from private property take the political form of the emancipation of the workers?

    Because the workers alone pay the taxes on which the state and its servants depend Because the workers’ emancipation, alone among all classes, can be won by purely political means Because the workers are the most numerous class and so command a majority in any assembly Because the whole of human servitude is involved in the relation of the worker to production
40. 40. If the product of labour does not belong to the worker, to whom does it belong, according to Marx?

    To the Church, which claims a tithe of it To another man, not the worker To the state, which taxes all labour To nature, the source of all wealth
41. 41. What does Marx say crude communism is the completion of?

    Envy and levelling down to an imagined minimum Human emancipation The free development of each individual personality The French Revolution and its ideal of political equality
42. 42. What does Marx admire in gatherings of French socialist workers?

    Their learning, since they read and debate the works of the political economists Their strict discipline, which subordinates every member to the will of the leaders Association has become an end in itself; brotherhood is a truth with them Their religious devotion, which binds them together in a new Christian brotherhood
43. 43. From which philosopher does Marx take the term “species-being” (Gattungswesen)?

    Feuerbach Kant Smith Bruno Bauer
44. 44. What does Marx propose as the alternative to both large estates and divided small plots?

    State ownership by the monarchy Emigration to the colonies Association applied to the land Return to feudal tenure
45. 45. Whom did Engels call “the Luther of political economy”, as Marx recalls?

    François Quesnay J. B. Say David Ricardo Adam Smith
46. 46. How does the first manuscript say wages are determined?

    By free agreement between capitalist and worker, in which each side bargains on equal terms By the statutes of each country, which fix a just minimum for every branch of labour By the price of food alone, which rises and falls with the harvest from year to year By the hostile struggle of capitalist and worker, which the capitalist must win
47. 47. In which publication had Marx announced the critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right that he mentions at the start of the preface?

    The Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher The Neue Rheinische Zeitung of Cologne The Rheinische Zeitung The Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung of Bruno Bauer
48. 48. Which single sense does Marx say private property has put in place of all physical and mental senses?

    The sense of right The sense of having The sense of taste The sense of duty
49. 49. What does Marx call the history of industry and the objective existence of industry?

    The tomb in which human freedom lies buried The opposite of culture and of all true science The open book of man’s essential powers A necessary evil, to be endured until communism
50. 50. What does Marx call “the only practical refutation of the theory of creation”?

    Newton’s physics and the mechanics of the heavens Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection Generatio aequivoca, spontaneous generation Hegel’s Logic and its dialectic of the absolute idea