Quiz: Leviathan

All 50 questions. A perfect score earns the gold medal; 80% earns silver.

1. 1. To what does Hobbes compare the effect of Greek and Roman political writings on a monarchy?

   A pleurisy, with blood gathered in one place Worms breeding in the entrails An ague of cold and hot fits The bite of a mad dog
2. 2. What, in Hobbes’s comparison, is the papacy?

   The ghost of the dead Roman Empire, crowned on its grave The fourth monarchy of Daniel’s prophecy The shadow of Charlemagne’s empire over the Western Church The heir of the Jewish high priesthood, restored under the Gospel
3. 3. How does Hobbes treat a man who, in a great famine, takes food by force or stealth because he cannot otherwise get it?

   He commits a crime, but a lesser one He is totally excused He commits a sin but not a crime He commits a crime as great as any other theft
4. 4. How, according to Hobbes, were elders chosen in the churches founded by Paul and Barnabas?

   By lot, as Matthias had been chosen to replace Judas By Paul and Barnabas alone, by the laying on of their hands By the assembly of Christians in each city, by show of hands By the bishop of Jerusalem
5. 5. From what place does Hobbes derive the word Gehenna, usually translated “hell”?

   The Babylonian prison of the captive Jews The lake of pitch left by the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah The Valley of Hinnom by Jerusalem The cave of the oracle of Apollo at Delphi
6. 6. Whose view that law is “an Artificiall Perfection of Reason, Gotten By Long Study” does Hobbes reject?

   Sir Edward Coke’s Sir Francis Bacon’s Cicero’s Plato’s
7. 7. Against whose doctrine does Hobbes set his ninth law, that every man acknowledge others as his equals by nature?

   Aristotle’s, that some are by nature fit to command, others to serve Plato’s, that philosophers should be kings Cicero’s, that the wise alone are free Machiavelli’s, that it is safer for a prince to be feared than loved
8. 8. Why, according to Hobbes, are children not forbidden to eat with an excommunicated father or master?

   Children are not members of the Church until they have been confirmed The apostles allowed it only on feast days Excommunication never applies to the heads of Christian households It would starve them and authorise them to disobey parents
9. 9. With what does Hobbes compare the clergy’s tenth?

   The twentieth part that a king of Athens, esteemed a tyrant, took to run the state The half-shekel that every Israelite paid yearly for the service of the Temple The tribute that Rome exacted from Judaea after Pompey’s conquest of Jerusalem The ship money that Charles I levied on the counties without consent of Parliament
10. 10. What does Hobbes name as the three principal causes of quarrel in human nature?

    Hunger, lust and anger Fear, faction and folly Pride, envy and avarice Competition, diffidence and glory
11. 11. What does Hobbes call “the mother of Philosophy”?

    War Leisure Necessity Geometry
12. 12. Complete Hobbes’s saying: words are wise men’s counters, but they are …

    the weapons of orators the toys of children the money of fools the chains of slaves
13. 13. Applying the test of “cui bono”, whom does Hobbes name as the authors of darkness in religion when he discusses the Presbytery?

    The Greek Orthodox and the Roman churches The Roman and the Presbyterian clergy The Independents and the Quakers The Jesuits and the Laudian Anglican bishops
14. 14. What does Hobbes say reason is?

    The faculty by which the mind perceives the universal essences of things Reckoning the consequences of names A divine light implanted in every soul at its creation Prudence gained from long experience of the world
15. 15. Which biblical example does Hobbes use to show that a Christian may outwardly obey a sovereign who forbids the faith?

    Naaman the Syrian bowing in the house of Rimmon Peter denying Christ three times Jonah fleeing to Tarshish Daniel praying openly despite the king’s decree
16. 16. On what does Hobbes think taxes should be laid so that they are equal?

    On land and its rents alone On the riches each person possesses On what each consumes On foreign trade and shipping
17. 17. How does Hobbes define imagination?

    The common sense that unites the five senses Images infused by God or the devil Decaying sense A faculty of the immortal soul
18. 18. How does Hobbes say the disputed question about the authority of scripture should “truly” be stated?

    Why we believe the scriptures to be true Who originally wrote each book of scripture By what authority the scriptures are made law How we know the scriptures to be the Word of God
19. 19. What does Hobbes say “tyranny” and “oligarchy” are?

    Forms in which sovereignty is divided between bodies Corrupt forms of government, distinct in kind from the good ones Governments set up by conquest and held by force Monarchy and aristocracy, when disliked
20. 20. What does Hobbes say is granted when a company of merchants trading abroad is made a corporation?

    A double monopoly: sole buyer and sole seller, at home and abroad A share in the sovereign’s power to make laws A right to make war and peace in the foreign countries where it trades An exemption from all the taxes and customs laid on other subjects
21. 21. According to chapter 32, by what two marks, taken together, is a true prophet known?

    Working miracles and teaching only the established religion Fulfilled predictions and knowledge of the Hebrew scriptures Holiness of life and the testimony of the Church Descent from the tribe of Levi and anointing by the high priest
22. 22. When, according to Hobbes, was God’s kingdom over Israel by covenant interrupted?

    When the Israelites worshipped the golden calf When Christ was crucified When the Israelites elected Saul as king When Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians
23. 23. To what does Hobbes compare those who use the doctrine of separated essences to frighten men from obeying the laws?

    Nurses frightening children with tales of bugbears and goblins The Egyptian conjurers deceiving Pharaoh Men scaring birds from the corn with an empty doublet and a stick Players on a stage wearing masks
24. 24. What does Hobbes conclude from the word LIBERTAS on the turrets of Lucca?

    That the Luccans had resisted the Pope Nothing: a citizen there is no freer than a subject in Constantinople That Lucca had abolished all taxes on its citizens and merchants That republics give private men far more liberty than monarchies do
25. 25. In a discussion of the civil war, what seemingly irrelevant question does Hobbes use to show that a train of thought has hidden links?

    How far it was to Jerusalem by sea Who first invented printing in Europe Why heavy bodies fall downwards to the earth The value of a Roman penny
26. 26. What evidence from Deuteronomy does Hobbes cite to show that Moses did not write the whole Pentateuch?

    It names kings of Israel who reigned long after Moses died It is written in Greek rather than Hebrew It says no man knows of Moses’s sepulchre “to this day” It quotes the prophet Isaiah
27. 27. What analogy does Hobbes use against Bellarmine’s claim that civil power is subject to spiritual power?

    The body’s members depend on the head, as the civil does on the spiritual A saddler’s art serves riding, but no saddler must obey every rider A ship’s crew must obey its pilot, since he alone knows the harbour A tenant owes service to his landlord, as the prince owes it to the Pope
28. 28. How does Hobbes define a miracle?

    Any event whose natural cause is unknown to the common people, though known to the learned A work of God beyond nature, done to show the elect that a minister is sent by him A wonder worked by an angel at the command of a saint, to confirm the faith of the Church Any answered prayer of a congregation, granted as a sign of God’s particular favour to it
29. 29. To what does Hobbes compare money circulating through the commonwealth?

    The soul that gives life and motion to the body Food stored up against a famine The nerves that carry commands to the limbs Blood, nourishing every member as it circulates
30. 30. Which covenant does Hobbes say is always void?

    A covenant to pay a ransom to an enemy who has captured you A covenant not to defend oneself A covenant made out of fear of death A promise made to a stranger in secret
31. 31. What does Hobbes say of “Temporal” and “Spiritual” government?

    Two words brought in to make men see double and mistake their lawful sovereign They are two powers that God has given separately to kings and to bishops Spiritual government belongs to the pope, temporal government to emperors Temporal government is subject to spiritual government in matters of conscience
32. 32. What does Hobbes take to be the “rock” on which Christ built his Church?

    The article that Jesus is the Christ The city of Rome as seat of the empire The person of Peter and his successors as bishops of Rome The college of the twelve apostles together
33. 33. How does Hobbes define the Kingdom of Darkness?

    As the heathen nations that have never heard the Gospel As the state of mere nature, before any commonwealth is instituted As the realm of fallen angels in hell As a confederacy of deceivers seeking worldly power
34. 34. To what does Hobbes compare war, to show that it is not only actual fighting?

    A game of chess, in which every move threatens the next A storm at sea that wrecks a ship A fever that comes and goes Foul weather, an inclination to rain over many days
35. 35. What opinion, according to Hobbes, caused the English civil war?

    That the King ruled by divine right and owed no account of his government to Parliament That Scotland and England ought to be united under a single Presbyterian church That bishops should govern the Church independently of both King and Parliament That sovereign power was divided between the King, the Lords and the Commons
36. 36. What does Hobbes say of the phrase “incorporeal substance”?

    It is the proper scriptural name for angels and spirits It means a very thin, invisible air Its two words cancel each other, like “incorporeal body” It describes the nature of God exactly
37. 37. In the state of nature, if the parents make no contract, who has dominion over the child?

    Whoever is stronger The father The mother Both parents equally
38. 38. How does Hobbes describe the apostles and other ministers of the Gospel?

    As schoolmasters, not commanders As lieutenants of Christ with power to punish unbelief As judges of all causes between man and man As a spiritual commonwealth independent of kings and magistrates
39. 39. Why does Hobbes cite the repentant thief on the cross?

    He proves that baptism by water is necessary to salvation He shows that deathbed repentance is never enough He was the first man to die a Christian martyr He was saved professing only Jesus as King
40. 40. Why, according to Hobbes, do men pursue “Power after power”?

    Because what they have is insecure without more Because they always hope for ever more intense delights Because nobody can ever be content with moderate power Because God commanded mankind to subdue the earth and have dominion over it
41. 41. According to Hobbes, what did the Latin word persona originally signify?

    The head of a Roman household A stage disguise or mask A citizen with the right to vote The soul as distinct from the body it animates
42. 42. What else does Hobbes call the commonwealth, “to speake more reverently”?

    That Mortall God The Ship of State The Body of Christ The Common Treasury
43. 43. What is the only article of faith that Hobbes says Scripture makes necessary to salvation?

    That the soul is immortal by nature That Jesus is the Christ That God is three persons in one substance That the Bible is infallible
44. 44. Whom does Hobbes name as the first to be canonized at Rome?

    Saint Peter Julius Caesar Romulus Numa Pompilius
45. 45. In Hobbes’s tennis comparison, who manages his business worst?

    The man who asks advice of his family and servants, like a player coached from the gallery The man moved by a council that must agree by majority, like a player wheeled in a barrow The man who consults able counsellors one at a time, like a player using good seconds The man who relies on his own judgement only, like a tennis player who has no second at all
46. 46. In the Introduction, what does Hobbes say the Leviathan, the commonwealth or state, is?

    A partnership of property-owners An artificial man, made by human art A natural growth of the patriarchal family A kingdom ordained directly by God
47. 47. According to Hobbes, what is the aim of punishment?

    Raising revenue for the commonwealth Revenge taken on behalf of the injured party Restoring the balance of divine justice in the world Terror, to make men obey the law
48. 48. How does Hobbes define the will?

    The last appetite in deliberating A faculty free from all causes A rational appetite The sum of all a man’s desires
49. 49. According to Hobbes, who determines the value or worth of a man?

    Others, as buyers of the use of his power God, according to his merits The law of nature, equally for all The man himself, by his own estimate
50. 50. Why, according to Hobbes, did the primitive Church see many demoniacs and few madmen, while his own age sees the reverse?

    Madness has grown more common through luxury The Reformation ended possession by spirits Only the names have changed, not the nature of the disease Exorcism has driven the devils out of Christendom since then