Quiz: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany

All 37 questions. A perfect score earns the gold medal; 80% earns silver.

1. 1. Which King of Prussia had the German bourgeoisie pinned its hopes on?

   Frederick the Great Frederick William IV Frederick William III William I
2. 2. Who dispersed the Slavonic Congress in Prague in 1848?

   Jellačić Wrangel Windischgrätz Field Marshal Radetzky
3. 3. What is described as the “universal instrument of Austrian justice”?

   The stick The census The confessional The gallows
4. 4. Which religious movement served as a cover for political opposition in the smaller states?

   The Old Lutherans of Silesia and Pomerania The Pietists of the Wupper valley and Württemberg The German Catholics and Free Congregations The Jesuits
5. 5. Which words express the armies’ new self-confidence after 1848?

   “I and my army, we are Austria” “Not by speeches, but by blood and iron” “Order reigns once more in Warsaw and in Prague” “The army is the nation, and the King is the army”
6. 6. Which Russian refugee took a cool-headed command in the Dresden rising of May 1849?

   Nikolai Ogarev Michael Bakunin Alexander Herzen Sergei Nechaev
7. 7. Which Frankfurt deputy fought in the defence of Vienna and was shot?

   Heinrich von Gagern Arnold Ruge Julius Froebel Robert Blum
8. 8. What “fate of all revolutions” does the article on Vienna describe?

   Every revolution ends in a military dictatorship, as the Republic of 1793 ended in Bonaparte The union of classes that made it breaks up after victory, and the victors turn on each other Every revolution is crushed in the end by the armies of the old order, however great its first success Every revolution is made by a resolute minority, while the mass of the nation looks on passively
9. 9. What notorious phrase does chapter XIV use for the small Slav peoples of Austria?

   “Peoples of the future” “Dying nations” “Rising peoples” “Captive peoples”
10. 10. Where, according to Eleanor Marx, did the Marx family live in two rooms during these years of poverty?

    Modena Villas Dean Street, Soho Grafton Terrace, Kentish Town Maitland Park Road
11. 11. Which general entered Berlin in November 1848 and met no resistance?

    Changarnier Radetzky Wrangel Moltke
12. 12. Who commanded the insurgent forces defending Vienna?

    Blum Messenhauser Kossuth Perczel
13. 13. By what vote did the Frankfurt Assembly elect the King of Prussia Emperor of Germany?

    By 500 votes, with the whole Left absent By a single vote, after three days of debate 290 votes, with 248 abstaining Unanimously, with no abstentions
14. 14. Which events marked the advent of the working-class movement in Germany?

    The democratic gatherings at the Hambach Festival in the Palatinate in 1832 The student demonstrations of the Wartburg Festival of 1817 The risings of Silesian and Bohemian factory workers in 1844 The trial of the Communist League in Cologne in 1852
15. 15. Which Silesian deputy was shouted down at Frankfurt for proposing to outlaw the Regent?

    William Wolff Wilhelm Schulz of Darmstadt Ludwig Simon of Trier Karl Vogt of Giessen
16. 16. Who edited the first book edition of these articles in 1896?

    Karl Kautsky Daniel De Leon Eleanor Marx Friedrich Engels
17. 17. What happened to the Austrian war minister Latour when Vienna rose in October 1848?

    He fled to the Hungarian army near Vienna He went over to the insurgents with his staff He was elected president of the Diet He was killed by the people
18. 18. What date heads the first article?

    October 25, 1851 June 1849 January 1853 August 4, 1851
19. 19. Through whom did Marx come to write for the New York Tribune?

    Charles A. Dana, its managing editor Horace Greeley’s private secretary in New York Ferdinand Lassalle, his friend in Düsseldorf Ernest Jones, the Chartist leader in London
20. 20. Whom did the Frankfurt National Assembly elect as Regent of Germany?

    The King of Prussia Archduke John of Austria Heinrich von Gagern Robert Blum
21. 21. What does the article say about insurrection?

    It succeeds only with foreign help, as the risings in Poland and Italy have shown It is pure chance, governed by the accidents of the moment and the mood of the crowd It must be avoided, since lawful agitation can win everything that barricades might It is an art, like war, with rules that ruin the party neglecting them
22. 22. Which development is said to have been worth more to German trade than any constitution?

    The Prussian tariff of 1818 and the formation of the Zollverein (customs union) The Congress of Vienna, which reduced the German states to a confederation of thirty-nine The Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, which imposed common press and university laws on Germany The Holy Alliance of 1815, which secured peace and stable markets for German goods
23. 23. What did Rothschild require before lending to the King of Prussia?

    A seat in the cabinet A guarantee from a “Representation of the People” Control of the state railways as security Repayment in gold
24. 24. Where did the Baden-Palatinate insurrection make its last hopeless fight?

    Under the walls of Rastatt In Karlsruhe, the Baden capital In the streets of Dresden In Cologne
25. 25. To which town did the emperor and court flee after the October rising in Vienna?

    Innsbruck Salzburg Olmütz Prague
26. 26. What does the final article, on the Cologne Communist Trial of 1852, say the Prussian police produced as evidence?

    Letters from Marx confessing to an armed conspiracy A forged “original minute book” of the League Genuine bomb-making plans Nothing at all
27. 27. Whose motto, “de l’audace, de l’audace, encore de l’audace!”, is quoted as the rule of insurrection?

    Robespierre’s Napoleon’s Danton’s Blanqui’s
28. 28. Which agreement, accepted by the Frankfurt Assembly in September 1848, destroyed its popularity?

    The Treaty of Olmütz with the Austrian Empire The Treaty of London over Schleswig-Holstein The Peace of Prague The armistice of Malmö with Denmark
29. 29. How does the first article reject explaining the revolution’s failure by the faults of individual leaders?

    No sane man believes eleven men of indifferent capacity could ruin thirty-six millions in three months It ascribes the defeat to mere chance, the accidents of weather, illness and timing at decisive moments It argues the leaders were capable men, defeated only because the masses refused to follow their advice It blames foreign intervention alone, since Russian and English diplomacy decided the outcome
30. 30. Which ministers formed the Prussian liberal ministry of 1848 that kept the old army and bureaucracy intact?

    Brandenburg and Manteuffel Bismarck and Roon Stein and Hardenberg Camphausen and Hansemann
31. 31. What does the article on Prussia say about a well-contested defeat?

    It should be avoided at all costs, by retreating before the decisive battle It is of as much revolutionary importance as an easily won victory It always leads to victory later, so long as the leaders survive it It is worse than no fight at all, since it demoralises the defeated party
32. 32. On how many points did the proletarian party distinguish itself from the petty-bourgeois democrats in 1848?

    Twelve Three Eleven One
33. 33. Which two allies did the people of Vienna have, who failed them in the hour of trial?

    The Hungarians and the German people The Czechs of Prague and the Poles of Galicia The French republic and the Italians of Lombardy The Russians and the Ottoman Turks
34. 34. What “incurable malady” does the article diagnose in the Frankfurt democrats?

    Chronic revolutionary impatience Hegelian philosophical idealism Excessive national pride Parliamentary cretinism
35. 35. What final verdict does the series pass on middle-class rule in Germany?

    Liberal bourgeois rule, whether monarchical or republican, is forever impossible in Germany Liberal bourgeois rule already exists in Germany, secured by the Prussian constitution Liberal bourgeois rule is the only possible outcome of the coming German revolution Liberal bourgeois rule, under a constitutional monarchy, is certain to come soon in Germany
36. 36. Where did the rump of the Frankfurt Parliament go at the end?

    Berlin Stuttgart Heidelberg Vienna
37. 37. What were the liberals who planned a Prussian-led “little Germany” long before 1848 later called?

    The Gotha party The Frankfurt party The Weimar party The Eisenach party